Anotated bibliography

Compiled by Kate Simpson

I often get asked for references for material on or about the gap year. So here a rough and ready list of some of the literature on the gap year that is out there, including a few of my own comments about the nature, content and at times quality of (some) of the material included. J If you have anything you think should be added then get in touch. For recent publications and PDF links see Recent Publications

Amir, Y. and Ben-Ari, R. (1985). "International Tourism, Ethnic Contact, and Attitude Change". Journal of Social Issues 41(3): (pp. 105-115).
This will be useful for those looking at what and how travellers learn about those they visit. The article is a bit old but offers a useful discussion of the contact hypotheisis.

Amodeo, C. (2002). "Filling the Gap: When school's out forever". Geographical 74(9): (pp. 66-69).
Ateljevic, I. (Unpublished). "Theoretical Encounters: A Review of Backpacker Literature". Unpublished.
Banerjea, K. (1999). Ni-Ten-Ichi-Ryu Enter the World of the Smart Stepper. Travel Worlds: Journeys in contemporary cultural politics. R. Kaur and J. Hutnyk. London, Zed Books:
Batchalor, T. H. and Root, S. (1994). "Effects of an undergraduate program to integrate academic learning and service: cognitive, prosocial cognitive, and identity outcomes". Journal of Adolescence 17: (pp. 341-355).
Something from the American literature on service learning.

Bell, L. A. (1997). Theoretical Foundations for Social Justice Education. Teaching for Diversity and Social Justice. M. Adams, L. A. Bell and P. Griffin. London, Routledge: (pp.3-15)

Chisholm, L. A. (2001) International Service-Learning for a World of Difference The Black Collegian Online (http://www.black-collegian.com/globalstudy/service-learning.shtm), (16 November 2001)
Cooke, B. and Kothari, U., Eds. (2001). Participation: The New Tyranny. New York, Zed Books.
Cooper, C., Flethcher, H., et al. (1998). Tourism: Principles and Practice. New York, Longman.

Crabtree, R. D. (1998). "Mutual Empowerment in Cross-Cultural Participatory Development and Service learning: Lessons in Communication and Social Justice in El Salvador and Nicaragua". Journal of Applied Communication Research 2: 182-209.
Interesting article

Crick, M. (1996). Representations of International Tourism in the Social Sciences: Sun, Sea, Sights, Savings and Servility. The Sociology of Tourism: Theoretical and empirical investigations. Y. Apostolopoulos, S. Leivadi and A. Yiannakis. London, Routledge.
Crosby, A. (1981). "A critical look: The philosophical foundations of experiential education. The Journal of Experiential Education.
Desforges, L. (1998). Checking Out the Planet. Cool Places. in Skelton T. and Valintine G. London, Routledge. Desforges, L. (2000). "Travelling The World: Identity and Travel Biography". Annals of Tourism Research 27(4): 926-945.
A good article and very relevant to anyone looking at youth travel and the gap year
Driver, F. (2001). Geography Militant: Cultures of Exploration and Empire. Oxford, Blackwells.
Dube, S. (1999). Travelling Light: Missionary Musings, Colonial Cultures and Anthropological Anxieties. Travel Worlds: Journeys in Contemporary Cultural Politics. Raminder Kaur and John Hytnyk. London, Zed Books.

Eyler, J. S. (2000). "What Do We Most Need to Know About the Impact of Service-Learning on Student Learning?" Michigan Journal of Community Service Learning(Special Issue, fall 2000): 11-17.
Article on the American practice of service learning which has a lot of paralels to the gap year.

Fennell, D. A. (1999). Ecotourism: an introduction. London, Routledge.

Freire, P. (1970). Pedagogy of the Oppressed. London, Penguin Books.
Freire, P. (1974). Education: The Practice of Freedom. London, Writers and Readers Publishing Co-operative.
Freire, P. (2002). Pedagogy of Hope. New York, The Continuum Publishing Company.
Galani-Moutafi, V. (2000). "The self and the other: Traveller, Ethnographer, Tourist". Annals of Tourism Research 27(1): 203-224.
Giles Jr., D. E. and Eyler, J. (1994). "The impact of a collage community service laboratory on students' personal, social, and cognitive outcomes". Journal of Adolescence 17: 327-339.

Heald, S. (2003). Finding Fun Without Innocence. Association of America Geographers, Annual Conference, New Orleans.
A brilliant article that discusses the personal politics of voluntere-tourism and questions wht young people are learning about those they vist.


Hogg, C. (2001). The 2001 UK Gap Year Report, The Gap Year Company.
A gap year industry bit of research and usefull insight into the ways the gap year seeks to promote itself and what the industry wants the public to think of the practice- if you can get hold of it! Published by the gapyear.com...... good luck

Hutnyk, J. (1996). The Rumour of Calcutta: Tourism, Charity and the Poverty of representation. London, Zed Books.
James, T. (1980) Can the Mountains Speak for Themselves? Wilderdom (http://www.wolderdom.com/Mountians.html), (22 April 2003)
Joplin, L. (1981). "On Defining Experiential Education". Journal of Experiential Education 4(1).
Both of these articles were very influential in the feild of Experiential Education and make some good arguments against assuming experinces can 'speak for themsleves' without any form of educational intervention.

Kaur, R. and Hutnyk, J., Eds. (1999). Travel Worlds: Journeys in contemporary cultural politics. London, Zed Books Ltd.

Krnas, J. P. and Roarke, S. M. (1994). "Learning Through Travel". The Journal of Experiential Education 17(3).

National Centre for Volunteering (2003) Speech by Fiona McTaggart MP National Centre for Volunteering (http://www.volunteering.org.uk/centre/mctaggarttxt.htm), (30 October 2003)

Pettigrew, T. F. (1998). "Intergroup Contact Theory". Annual Review of Psychology 49: 65-85.
Phillips, P. (1999). Tourists, terrorists death and value. Travel Worlds: Journeys in contemporary cultural politics. R. Kaur and J. Hutnyk. London, Zed Books.
Roker, D. (1994). "School-based community service: a British perspective". Journal of adolescence 17: 321-326.
Said, E. (1978). Orientalism: Western Conceptions of the Orient. London, Penguin Books.
Seekumar, T. T. and Papayil, G. (2002). "Contentions and Contradictions of Tourism as Development Option: The case of Kerala, India". Third World Quarterly 23(3): 529-548.

Sutcliffe, W. (1998). Are You Experienced?, Harmondsworth: Penguin.
Swanger, J. (2002). "Letter from the Editor: The critical pedagogy of ethnography in the Border Studies Program". Qualitative Studies in Education 15(1): 1-10.
The United Kingdom Parliament (2000) Voluntary Service for Young People House of Lords (http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/1d1999000/1dhansard/v.../00705-27.ht), (22 October 2003)
Tickell, A. (2001). "Footprints on The Beach: traces of colonial adventure in narratives of independent tourism". Postcolonial Studies 4(1): 39-54.
Urely, N. and Reichel, A. (2000). "Working Tourists and their attitudes to hosts". Annals of Tourism Research 27(2): 267-283.
Urry, J. (1990). The Tourist Gaze. London, Sage.
Various (2001) Where did you find yourself?, The Times, Monday August 6 2001, 4-5
Wade, R. C. (2000). "Beyond Charity: Service Learning for Social Justice". Social Studies and the Young Learner 12(4): 6-9.
Wilson, P. (2002) Where William goes, others follow, The Daily telegraph, 20 July 2002,